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Sex Differences in the Association Between Masticatory Function and Sarcopenia Components: The Shizuoka Study
Sayaka Nagao-Sato1,2, Osamu Kushida3, Yasunari Kurita4
1Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Gunma 370-0033, Japan.
Nutrients
|April 28, 2025
Summary
Low masticatory function, or chewing ability, is linked to poorer body composition and physical performance in older adults. Objective chewing assessments revealed significant associations, unlike subjective self-reports.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Nutritional Science
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Low masticatory function is a potential risk factor for sarcopenia.
- Understanding its impact on body composition and physical performance in older adults is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between objectively and subjectively measured masticatory function and body composition and physical performance in community-dwelling older adults.
- To explore potential sex-based differences in these associations.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal cohort study involving 1440 older adults (≥65 years).
- Objective masticatory function assessed using gummy jelly; subjective assessment via questionnaire.
- Evaluated skeletal muscle mass index, body mass index, waist circumference, handgrip strength, gait speed, and five-time chair-stand test.
Main Results:
- Objectively measured low masticatory function was associated with lower skeletal muscle mass index, handgrip strength, and gait speed in men.
- In women, low objective masticatory function correlated with higher body mass index and waist circumference.
- Subjective chewing ability showed no significant associations with anthropometric or sarcopenia measures.
Conclusions:
- Objectively assessed low masticatory function is linked to reduced muscle mass and physical performance in older men.
- In older women, low objective masticatory function is associated with increased body mass index and waist circumference.
- Discrepancies between objective and subjective chewing assessments highlight the importance of objective measures.
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