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Related Concept Videos

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

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The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Updated: May 13, 2025

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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A Biodegradable Radical Polymer Enables High-Performance, Physically Transient Organic Memory.

Jaehyoung Ko1, Soeun Kim2, Daeun Kim1,3

  • 1Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|April 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed sustainable, transient electronics using radical polymers. These materials enable advanced neuromorphic computing and biodissociate, reducing electronic waste for future bioelectronic devices.

Keywords:
Biodegradable polymersOrganic memristorsPhysically transient electronicsRadical polymersSoft bioelectronics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electronics Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Electronic devices face reliability demands but contribute to electronic waste.
  • Physically transient electronics offer a sustainable alternative, especially for bioelectronics.
  • Memristive materials are key for energy-efficient neuromorphic computing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate memristive properties with transient behavior in soft materials.
  • To create advanced computing materials that also dissociate sustainably.
  • To enhance integration using tunable, biocompatible, and cost-effective soft materials.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular engineering of a radical polymer.
  • Fabrication of two-terminal memristive devices.
  • Development of flexible, transient crossbar arrays.

Main Results:

  • Exceptional memory performance: >10^6 on/off ratio, >10^4 s retention, 250+ cycle stability.
  • Transient devices maintained performance through >3,000 bending cycles.
  • Complete dissociation in water at room temperature.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated a novel molecular engineering strategy for transient memristive materials.
  • Developed high-performance, flexible, and biodegradable electronic components.
  • Advanced the development of multifunctional, biorealistic platforms for neuromorphic bioelectronics.