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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to cognitive deficits and the apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) allele.
  • The specific impact of APOE ε4 on cognitive function in moderate-to-severe OSA remains debated.
  • This study focuses on sedentary OSA patients without major comorbidities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of APOE ε4 polymorphism on cognitive function in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA.
  • To assess cognitive performance in relation to OSA severity and APOE ε4 status.

Main Methods:

  • 55 middle-aged patients underwent polysomnography, APOE ε4 genotyping, and cognitive assessments (attention, memory, processing speed).
  • The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess physical activity levels.
  • Patients were categorized into mild OSA (n=13) and moderate-to-severe OSA (n=42) groups.

Main Results:

  • Moderate-to-severe OSA patients showed worse processing speed and attention compared to mild OSA patients, irrespective of APOE ε4 status.
  • APOE ε4 carriers with moderate-to-severe OSA exhibited poorer episodic memory than non-carriers.
  • Sleep parameters were comparable between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers within the moderate-to-severe OSA group.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate-to-severe OSA is independently associated with cognitive impairment.
  • The presence of the APOE ε4 allele exacerbates cognitive deficits, particularly in episodic memory, in OSA patients.
  • These findings highlight the combined negative impact of OSA and APOE ε4 on cognition.