Eating Disorder Risk Among Adolescents: The Influence of Dietary Patterns, Physical Activity, and BMI

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Adolescent Health
• Psychiatry

Background:

• Eating disorders (EDs) are increasing in adolescents globally.
• Body Mass Index (BMI), diet, and physical activity (PA) are known risk factors, but their interplay is complex.
• Sociocultural factors may influence ED prevalence and risk in specific populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for EDs in Romanian adolescents.
• To evaluate demographic factors, BMI, dietary behaviors, PA, and specialist consultations in relation to ED risk.
• To assess the psychometric properties of the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) in this population.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study involving 423 adolescents (aged 13-20) in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
• Online survey collecting data on demographics, BMI, diet, PA, and prior health consultations.
• ED risk assessed using the EAT-26; statistical analyses included Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and binary logistic regression.

Main Results:

• The prevalence of ED risk was 26.5%, with females exhibiting higher odds than males (OR=1.61).
• Consulting weight or mental health specialists significantly increased ED risk odds (OR=3.76).
• Higher BMI showed a trend towards increased risk (OR=1.06); over 60% reported frequent ultra-processed food consumption.

Conclusions:

• This study reveals a significant ED risk among Romanian youth, addressing a gap in regional public health data.
• Findings underscore the need for interventions promoting balanced diets, positive body image, and accessible mental health services.
• Public health strategies should focus on early detection and prevention of EDs in adolescents, considering specific risk factors identified.