A High-Entropy True Random Number Generator with Keccak Conditioning for FPGA

Area of Science:

• Cryptography
• Hardware Security
• Random Number Generation

Background:

• Cryptographic systems require high-quality randomness for security.
• True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) are essential entropy sources.
• NIST and BSI provide standards for TRNG design and validation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a parameterized, open-source TRNG implementation.
• To balance area, throughput, power, and entropy.
• To adhere to NIST and BSI guidelines for cryptographic entropy sources.

Main Methods:

• Design of a TRNG utilizing ring oscillators.
• Integration of an optimized Keccak conditioning unit.
• Literature and standards review for entropy source requirements.

Main Results:

• The TRNG design passed NIST SP 800-22, NIST SP 800-90B, and BSI AIS-31 tests.
• Achieved high min-entropy per bit: 0.9982 (NIST) and 0.9998 (BSI).
• Demonstrated a balance between performance metrics and entropy quality.

Conclusions:

• The proposed TRNG is a reliable entropy source for cryptographic applications.
• The open-source implementation facilitates further research and development.
• The design meets stringent international standards for random bit generation.