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Mobile Health-Based Motivational Interviewing to Promote SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Rural Adults: Protocol for a Pilot

Ashlea Braun1,2,3, Sarah Corcoran4, Khue Tu Doan3

  • 1Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States.

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Summary

This study investigates motivational interviewing (MI) via mobile health (mHealth) to reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in rural adults. Findings will inform scalable strategies for improving vaccine uptake and addressing health disparities.

Keywords:
community-based participatory researchmHealthmobile healthmotivational interviewingrural healthvaccination hesitancy

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Vaccine hesitancy limits public health impact, particularly in rural populations.
  • Traditional messaging is insufficient for addressing vaccine misperceptions and controversy.
  • Motivational Interviewing (MI) shows promise for behavior change but needs evaluation for vaccine hesitancy in rural adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and assess the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile health (mHealth)-based MI intervention (MOTIVACC) for reducing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy.
  • To evaluate the preliminary efficacy of mHealth-based MI in diminishing vaccine hesitancy and increasing vaccine uptake among rural adults.

Main Methods:

  • A 2-phase mixed-methods pilot study: Phase 1 involved a community advisory panel (n=16-20) to identify barriers.
  • Phase 2 is an 8-week, 3-group randomized controlled trial (RCT) (N=60) comparing standard MI, intensive MI, and mHealth-based MI (MOTIVACC).
  • Participants in the RCT were unvaccinated adults; primary outcomes were changes in vaccine hesitancy and intention; secondary outcome was vaccine receipt.

Main Results:

  • Phase 1 (community advisory panel) was completed in June 2023.
  • Phase 2 (RCT) ethics approval was obtained in April 2024.
  • Study results on intervention efficacy are pending.

Conclusions:

  • This trial will evaluate the preliminary efficacy of MI in addressing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy.
  • It will compare traditional MI with mHealth-based MI delivery.
  • Results will offer insights into scalable strategies for vaccine hesitancy, especially in rural settings.