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Thyroid morphological and functional heterogeneity: impact on iodine secretion.

C Penel, J B Rognoni, P Bastiani

    General Physiology and Biophysics
    |February 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Thyroid iodine turnover shows heterogeneity in how iodide is distributed and used for hormone synthesis. Colloid iodine turnover is follicle size-dependent, influencing thyroid hormone secretion.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Thyroid iodine turnover is complex, involving both cellular uptake and colloid storage.
    • Heterogeneity exists in iodide distribution and thyroglobulin (Tg) iodination within the thyroid gland.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the heterogeneity of thyroid iodine turnover in normal rats.
    • To quantify iodide distribution, Tg iodination flux, and iodine secretion pathways.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized kinetic analysis to study iodide distribution and turnover within thyroid compartments.
    • Quantified Tg iodination flux and iodine secretion rates.

    Main Results:

    • Both cellularly trapped and deiodinated iodide contribute equally to Tg iodination (4.0 +/- 0.3 micrograms I/day).

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  • Colloid iodide concentration is higher than cellular, and colloid iodine turnover is follicle diameter-dependent with half-lives of 8 and 16 hours.
  • 90% of iodine secretion originates from colloid-rich Tg, while 10% comes from slower-turning Tg pools.

    • Conclusions:

    • Thyroid iodine turnover exhibits significant heterogeneity at both cellular and follicular levels.
    • Colloid iodine dynamics and follicle size influence thyroid hormone production and secretion.