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In-vitro antimicrobial activity of new antimicrobial agents against Streptococcus pneumoniae and potential resistance

Zichen Lei1,2,3, Qi Liu1,2, Yiqun Ma2,4

  • 1China-Japan Friendship Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.

BMC Microbiology
|April 28, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Streptococcus pneumoniae shows high resistance to common antibiotics in China. New antimicrobial agents demonstrate effectiveness against these resistant strains, offering potential treatment solutions.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae causes significant global mortality, especially in vulnerable populations.
  • Increasing antibiotic resistance to penicillin, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones complicates treatment.
  • Limited data exists on the resistance patterns of novel antimicrobial agents against S. pneumoniae.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular characteristics and antibiotic resistance profiles of S. pneumoniae isolates in China.
  • To evaluate the susceptibility of S. pneumoniae to newly developed antimicrobial agents.
  • To understand the relationship between serotypes, resistance mechanisms, and virulence in S. pneumoniae.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome sequencing of 208 S. pneumoniae isolates from nine Chinese hospitals (Jan 2023 - Jun 2024).
  • Identification of serotypes, sequence types, virulence genes, and resistance mechanisms.
  • Antibiotic susceptibility testing against 14 agents, including eravacycline, omadacycline, nemonoxacin, and contezolid.

Main Results:

  • Serotypes 19F and 23F were predominant; PCV13 coverage was 66.8%.
  • High resistance rates observed for erythromycin (100%), clindamycin (94.7%), and tetracycline (92.3%).
  • New antibiotics showed low resistance: eravacycline (1.9%), omadacycline (0.5%), contezolid (1.9%), and nemonoxacin (7.2%).

Conclusions:

  • S. pneumoniae in China displays high genetic diversity and substantial antibiotic resistance.
  • Continuous surveillance and updated vaccines are crucial for disease management.
  • Novel antibiotics are effective against multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae, presenting viable clinical options.
Keywords:
Streptococcus pneumoniaeContezolidEravacyclineNemonoxacinNew antibioticsOmadacyclineResistance

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