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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:28

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

705
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism,...
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Increased pulse rate01:17

Increased pulse rate

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Tachycardia is a condition marked by an abnormally fast or irregular heart rate, surpassing the typical resting rate. In adults, tachycardia is characterized by a pulse rate ranging from 100 to 180 beats per minute. The increased heart rate can result in inadequate blood flow to various body parts, ultimately diminishing the oxygen supply to organs and tissues.
Many factors can elevate the risk of developing tachycardia. These include advanced age, a family history of arrhythmias, and an...
621
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

849
Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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The Cardiac Cycle01:13

The Cardiac Cycle

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The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
The Process
Electrical signals—sent from the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrial wall to the atrioventricular (AV) node between the right atrium and right ventricle—cause both atria to simultaneously contract. When the signal reaches the AV node, it pauses for approximately a tenth of a second, allowing the atria to contract and...
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Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

567
Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2025

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
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Narrowed Right Bundle Branch Block Pattern in Tachycardia.

Zhi Luo1, Yi Liu2, Yuwei Chen2

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The People's Hospital of Jianyang City, Jianyang, China.

Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology : the Official Journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc
|April 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study highlights Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome diagnosis. Comparing electrocardiograms (ECGs) during sinus rhythm and palpitation is crucial for identifying orthodromic atrio-ventricular reentry tachycardia (AVRT).

Keywords:
Wolff‐Parkinson‐whiteelectrocardiogrampalpitationright bundle branch block

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a pre-excitation syndrome that can lead to supraventricular tachycardias.
  • Accurate diagnosis of WPW syndrome and associated arrhythmias is essential for effective patient management.

Observation:

  • A 66-year-old male presented with a 5-year history of intermittent palpitations.
  • Electrocardiograms (ECGs) on admission revealed sinus rhythm with a right bundle branch block (RBBB).
  • During symptomatic episodes of palpitation, a regular tachycardia with RBBB was observed.

Findings:

  • Electrophysiologic (EP) study and detailed ECG analysis confirmed the diagnosis of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome.
  • The specific arrhythmia identified was orthodromic atrio-ventricular reentry tachycardia (AVRT).

Implications:

  • This case underscores the diagnostic value of comparing ECGs obtained during sinus rhythm and tachycardia episodes.
  • Recognizing subtle ECG changes in WPW syndrome is critical for differentiating between various reentrant tachycardias.
  • Effective diagnosis of WPW syndrome and AVRT can guide appropriate therapeutic interventions, improving patient outcomes.