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Seasonality in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a systematic review.

Mads Bertelsen¹, Mads Klokker¹

¹Copenhagen Hearing and Balance Center, Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Rigshospitalet HovedOrtoCentret, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

BMJ Neurology Open

|April 29, 2025

Summary

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) often occurs more frequently in winter. This systematic review suggests seasonal variations in BPPV, potentially linked to climate factors like temperature and atmospheric pressure.

Keywords:

ENT EPIDEMIOLOGY NEUROOTOLOGY SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS VERTIGO

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Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Neurology
Environmental Health

Background:

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common cause of dizziness, affecting up to 2.4% of the population.
The precise pathophysiology and risk factors for BPPV remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and analyze seasonal variations in BPPV occurrence.
To investigate potential correlations between BPPV incidence and climatic variables including temperature, atmospheric pressure, solar exposure, and humidity.

Main Methods:

A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and Embase databases.
Studies were included based on predefined criteria, adhering to PRISMA guidelines and assessed using the AXIS tool.

Main Results:

Twelve studies involving 18,507 participants were analyzed.
Nine studies indicated seasonal variation in BPPV, with a winter peak.
Correlations suggested a negative link with temperature and solar exposure, and a positive link with atmospheric pressure; humidity showed no consistent correlation.

Conclusions:

The literature suggests a seasonal pattern in BPPV, predominantly observed during winter months.
Evidence points towards potential relationships between BPPV and climatic factors, although further research is needed to confirm these associations.