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Related Concept Videos

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Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

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Scaled hydraulic models of dam spillways provide a practical way to replicate and study the intricate flow dynamics of these structures. Often built to a 1:15 ratio, these models allow for observing critical water behavior, such as velocity distribution, flow patterns, and energy dissipation.
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Weir01:24

Weir

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A weir is a hydraulic structure designed to partially obstruct an open channel, enabling precise control and measurement of water flow. By forcing water to flow over or through it, a weir allows for accurate determination of discharge rates, making it an essential tool in water resource management. These structures are extensively used in regulating river flows, irrigation systems, and flood control channels.Types of Weirs and Their FeaturesWeirs are categorized primarily into sharp-crested and...
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Underflow Gates01:30

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Underflow gates are vital for controlling water flow in irrigation canals. The three main types of underflow gates — vertical, radial, and drum gates — serve different purposes while ensuring effective flow management. Vertical gates move up and down, generating a free-flowing water jet; radial gates pivot to regulate the flow; and drum gates rotate for precise adjustments. The flow through these gates is influenced by downstream conditions, resulting in free or drowned outflow.Free and...
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Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
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Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel01:27

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Trapezoidal channels are widely used in irrigation systems due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in conveying water. Trapezoidal channels feature a flat bottom and sloping sides, making them stable and easier to construct compared to other shapes. The bottom width and side slope ratio are determined based on the required flow capacity and site conditions. The side slope is kept gentle for unlined channels to prevent soil erosion.Hydraulic parameters in channel design include the flow...
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Updated: May 13, 2025

Parameterizing V-notch Weir Equations for Flow Monitoring in a Drainage Control Structure
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Check dams: Distribution, purposes and effectiveness.

Saeed Najafi1, Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani2, Deirdre Dragovich3

  • 1Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran.

The Science of the Total Environment
|April 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Check dams are widely installed for soil erosion control, but their effectiveness is debated. A literature review reveals a lack of clear understanding of their geomorphological, hydrological, and ecological outcomes, with limited cost-benefit analysis.

Keywords:
Economic effectiveness of check damsSediment trappingSoil and water conservationSoil erosion

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrology
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Check dam installations have increased globally for soil erosion control and watershed management.
  • Dams vary in materials, size, and purpose, significantly altering water, sediment, and nutrient flows.
  • Debate on check dam effectiveness intensifies due to dam failures and diverse installation environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on check dam installation outcomes.
  • To classify studies based on dam function: geomorphological, hydrological, and ecological.
  • To identify future research directions for evaluating check dam effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of 202 papers was conducted.
  • 130 papers were classified into geomorphological (40%), hydrological (27%), and ecological (8%) functions.
  • Remaining papers covered multiple functions or unspecified purposes (25%).

Main Results:

  • No clear consensus exists on the geomorphological, hydrological, or ecological outcomes of check dams.
  • Cost-benefit analyses were rarely performed, often excluding social costs and benefits.
  • Evaluations predominantly focused on biophysical elements, neglecting socio-economic aspects.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to clarify the multifaceted impacts of check dams.
  • Standardized reporting of planning, outcomes, and maintenance is crucial for future effectiveness evaluations.
  • Integrating socio-economic factors into cost-benefit analyses is essential for comprehensive assessment.