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Updated: May 9, 2025

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Circulating bacterial DNA in cardiovascular disease.

Sarah Appleby1, Rachel Purcell2

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Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
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PubMed
Summary

Circulating bacterial DNA (cbDNA) shows promise as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Further research with standardized methods and large cohorts is needed to confirm its diagnostic and prognostic value.

Keywords:
biomarkercardiovascular diseasecbDNAcell-free DNAcirculating bacterial DNAliquid biopsy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomarkers
  • Microbiology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant global health challenge.
  • Conventional biomarkers lack personalization for CVD diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and its subset, circulating bacterial DNA (cbDNA), are emerging as potential novel biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on the role of cbDNA in cardiovascular disease.
  • To highlight the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of cbDNA.
  • To identify limitations and suggest future research directions for cbDNA in CVD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating cbDNA in CVD.
  • Analysis of current methodologies, sample types, and cohort sizes.
  • Synthesis of findings on the association between cbDNA, gut microbiota, and CVD.

Main Results:

  • Elevated cfDNA and cbDNA levels are associated with CVD risk factors and status.
  • Gut microbial translocation ('leaky gut') is linked to CVD and may be a source of cbDNA.
  • Current studies are limited by small, disparate cohorts and varied methodologies.

Conclusions:

  • cbDNA demonstrates potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CVD.
  • Standardized methodologies and large-scale, well-defined cohorts are essential for validation.
  • Future research should focus on cbDNA's source and pathological relevance in CVD.