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The Thoracic Cage: Sternum

The Thoracic Cage: Sternum

The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

Published on: January 5, 2015

Sternoclavicular Joint Reconstruction Using the Sternal Docking Technique.

Yazdan Raji¹, Galvin J Loughran¹, George Bugarinovic¹

¹Stanford University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Redwood City, California, USA.

Video Journal of Sports Medicine

|May 1, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The sternal docking technique effectively reconstructs chronic sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) dislocations using a semitendinosus allograft and collagen scaffold. This surgical approach allows patients to return to pain-free activity within 16 weeks.

Keywords:

allograft reconstruction collagen scaffold instability sternoclavicular docking technique sternoclavicular joint dislocation sternoclavicular reconstruction

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Sports Medicine
Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) dislocations result from trauma, laxity, or arthropathy.
Nonoperative treatment is typical for anterior SCJ dislocations, but reconstruction benefits symptomatic chronic cases.
This video details the sternal docking technique for SCJ reconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the sternal docking technique for sternoclavicular joint reconstruction.
To present a surgical solution for symptomatic chronic SCJ dislocations.
To highlight the use of a semitendinosus allograft and collagen scaffold.

Main Methods:

A curvilinear incision is made over the anterior SCJ in a beach-chair position.
The intra-articular disc and medial clavicle are resected; tunnels are created in the manubrium and clavicle.
A semitendinosus allograft with a collagen scaffold is passed through the tunnels and secured.

Main Results:

The sternal docking technique successfully reconstructed a chronic anterior SCJ dislocation.
The patient achieved full, pain-free activity by 16 weeks post-surgery.
This technique proved safe and effective for SCJ reconstruction.

Conclusions:

Chronic anterior SCJ dislocations may require operative reconstruction when conservative methods fail.
The described sternal docking technique is a safe and effective reconstructive option.
Augmentation with a biologic shoestring scaffold enhances the semitendinosus allograft repair.