Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Blood-brain Barrier00:49

The Blood-brain Barrier

Overview
Gap Junctions01:37

Gap Junctions

Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
Patch Clamp01:18

Patch Clamp

Many fundamental cell functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission rely on the electrical signals produced by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions across the cell membrane. One competent method to record current flowing across the whole cell or single ion channel is the patch-clamp technique.
In this method, a glass micropipette containing electrolyte solution is tightly sealed against a small portion of the cell membrane. As a result, a patch of the cell...
Electrical Synapses01:28

Electrical Synapses

Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
Overview of Synapses01:25

Overview of Synapses

A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...
Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Blood biomarker outliers and clinical events during intensive care in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Brain & spine·2026
Same author

Outlining the global variation in resources for traumatic brain injury care: site-level data from the Global Neurotrauma Outcomes Study (GNOS).

BMJ global health·2026
Same author

Decompressive Craniectomy: Trial Evidence and Impact on Guidelines.

Neurosurgery clinics of North America·2026
Same author

Rapid versus gradual weaning of external ventricular drains in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of neurosurgical sciences·2026
Same author

Letter to the Editor. Critical considerations for functional anterior temporal lobectomy adoption.

Journal of neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Clinical risk factors for post-traumatic seizures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

Anterior Cingulate Cortex Mediates State-Dependent Prioritization of Distressed Conspecifics.

Brain sciences·2026
Same journal

Hemispherotomy for Pediatric Post-Traumatic Epilepsy.

Brain sciences·2026
Same journal

When Robots Learn: Artificial Intelligence and the Next Human-Centered Era of Neurorehabilitation.

Brain sciences·2026
Same journal

The Association Between Changes in White Matter Microstructure and Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Brain sciences·2026
Same journal

Beyond Ventricular Enlargement: Multimodal MRI Assessment Improves Surgical Decision-Making in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Brain sciences·2026
Same journal

The Effects of Personalized Observation, Execution, and Mental Imagery (POEM) Therapy in Logopenic Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Telepractice-Based Single-Case Study.

Brain sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans
08:25

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Published on: May 19, 2016

10.6K

Invasive Brain-Computer Interface for Communication: A Scoping Review.

Shujhat Khan1, Leonie Kallis2, Harry Mee1,3

  • 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK.

Brain Sciences
|May 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer new communication pathways for patients with neurological deficits. Direct speech decoding from the cortex shows promise for restoring communication in those with severe paralysis.

Keywords:
ALSBCIECoGbrain–computer interfacebrain–machine interfacemultielectrode arrayneurotechnologyparalysisspinal cordstereoelectroencephalographystroke

More Related Videos

Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness
07:37

Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness

Published on: August 1, 2017

9.0K
A Single-Channel and Non-Invasive Wearable Brain-Computer Interface for Industry and Healthcare
06:34

A Single-Channel and Non-Invasive Wearable Brain-Computer Interface for Industry and Healthcare

Published on: July 7, 2023

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans
08:25

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Published on: May 19, 2016

10.6K
Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness
07:37

Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness

Published on: August 1, 2017

9.0K
A Single-Channel and Non-Invasive Wearable Brain-Computer Interface for Industry and Healthcare
06:34

A Single-Channel and Non-Invasive Wearable Brain-Computer Interface for Industry and Healthcare

Published on: July 7, 2023

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Technology

Background:

  • Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are expanding for patients with neurological deficits, offering alternatives when conventional rehabilitation is limited.
  • Intracranial BCIs circumvent neural injuries, enabling communication and self-expression for patients with speech loss.
  • Technological, neuroscience, and computing advancements have driven discoveries in BCIs over the last 10-15 years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore advances in intracranial brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for restoring communication.
  • To identify future directions for BCI technology in clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic scoping review of studies on intracranial BCIs for communication restoration.
  • Searches conducted in PubMed and OVID Embase databases.
  • Inclusion of 41 articles following systematic review and processing.

Main Results:

  • Studies focused on patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or brainstem stroke, leading to tetraplegia and speech difficulties.
  • Intracortical devices have achieved accurate speech-to-text and speech-to-audio decoding in non-speaking patients.
  • Cursor control via BCIs can be improved with interface optimization and advanced decoding methods.

Conclusions:

  • BCIs have progressed significantly in restoring communication for patients with severe neurological impairments.
  • Direct cortical speech decoding presents a novel therapeutic approach for restoring embodied communication in tetraplegic patients.