Seamless Human-Computer Interaction Enabled by Wearable Biointerfaces and Intelligent Systems

Human-computer interaction (HCI) is central to wearable technology; however, traditional interaction methods face constraints from environmental noise, privacy risks, and operational inconveniences. With the convergence of flexible electronics and artificial intelligence, smart wearable systems equipped with biomimetic biointerfaces are evolving into "external organs" that augment human capabilities, establishing a new paradigm for natural and intelligent interaction. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress in seamless HCI driven by wearable biointerfaces and intelligent systems. From the input perspective, we elucidate how high-fidelity physiological and motion signals are captured through biocompatible electronic skins, and subsequently decoded via intelligent algorithms capable of robust noise decoupling, cross-user generalization, and multimodal data fusion, while emphasizing algorithmic trustworthiness including privacy and interpretability. From the output perspective, we explore adaptive closed-loop feedback mechanisms, spanning both non-visual multi-sensory rendering and biomimetic actuation-based physical interventions. Finally, we discuss key engineering and algorithmic bottlenecks-such as material durability, internal latency, system integration, and trustworthiness-offering future perspectives for the development of next-generation personalized and immersive HCI systems.