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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Related Experiment Video

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Systematic Review on Microtia: Current Knowledge and Future Directions.

Filippo Hellies1, Silvia Fracaro1, Gino Marioni2

  • 1Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience-DNS, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microtia, a congenital ear deformity, presents aesthetic and hearing challenges. Current and emerging therapies, including bioengineering and 3D printing, offer improved reconstructive solutions for this condition.

Keywords:
3D printingauricular reconstructionautologous cartilagecongenital deformitysurgical reconstructionsynthetic prosthesestissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial surgery
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Microtia is a congenital deformity characterized by an underdeveloped or absent auricle.
  • Often co-occurs with external auditory canal atresia, leading to hearing impairment and psychosocial issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review microtia, encompassing its etiology, clinical implications, and treatment modalities.
  • To explore both established and novel therapeutic strategies for auricular reconstruction.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was performed.
  • Searches were conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.
  • Focus was placed on microtia and various reconstruction methodologies.

Main Results:

  • Microtia etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental influences, and can manifest as part of a syndrome or in isolation.
  • Clinical impacts include aesthetic concerns and conductive hearing loss, necessitating a multidisciplinary treatment approach.
  • Surgical reconstruction options include autologous cartilage grafts and synthetic implants, with bioengineering and 3D printing emerging as innovative, less invasive alternatives.

Conclusions:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on microtia, emphasizing tissue engineering for auricular reconstruction.
  • It aims to identify research gaps, evaluate existing techniques, and guide clinical decision-making.
  • The findings serve as a resource to advance research and improve patient outcomes in microtia treatment.