The Effect of Pregnancy on Dermatological Disorders: A Systematic Review

Background: Pregnancy induces hormonal, immunologic, and vascular changes that profoundly affect dermatologic health. This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of pregnancy on dermatological disorders in terms of disease incidence, severity, maternal-fetal outcomes, and optimal management strategies. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies evaluating pregnant women with dermatological disorders, pregnancy-related dermatoses, and pre-existing morbidities, were included. The collaboratively extracted data included patient demographics, disease severity, treatment approaches, and pregnancy outcomes. Results: A total of 8490 pregnant cases with dermatologic changes and conditions caused by pregnancy were studied. The dermatological conditions were divided into physiological changes, pregnancy-related exacerbation of pre-existing skin conditions, and pregnancy-specific dermatoses. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and pemphigoid gestationis were associated with increased rates of adverse fetal outcomes in patients with specific dermatoses, including increased preterm birth and fetal distress rates. The atopic eruption of pregnancy and polymorphic eruption of pregnancy were highly relevant, but their effect on fetal health was minimal. The efficacy and safety of treatment modalities, including corticosteroids, antihistamines, and ursodeoxycholic acid, were variable. Conclusions: Pregnancy drastically affects dermatological health, but the nature of the impact depends on the condition. Optimal maternal and fetal outcomes rely on early diagnosis and individualized management strategies. More randomized controlled trials are required to develop standardized diagnostic and treatment guidelines to enhance the quality of dermatologic care during pregnancy.