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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Quantum Optics

    Background:

    • Polarization coherence is a fundamental property of light.
    • Understanding how light properties change during propagation is crucial for optical technologies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the transformation of polarization coherence un-frustrated fields.
    • To identify the conditions under which these fields become polarization coherence frustrated during vacuum propagation.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of electromagnetic field propagation in vacuum.
    • Examination of the conditions required for polarization coherence un-frustrated states.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstration that polarization coherence un-frustrated fields can transition to a frustrated state.
    • Identification of two distinct physical properties, each representing a necessary condition, that can be lost during free-space propagation.

    Conclusions:

    • Propagation in vacuum can alter the polarization coherence state of light.
    • The loss of specific physical conditions explains the transition from un-frustrated to frustrated polarization coherence.