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Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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Group Polarization01:01

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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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A conic section can be defined in polar coordinates as the set of all points whose distance from a fixed point, known as the focus, bears a constant ratio to their distance from a fixed line, known as the directrix. This constant ratio is called the eccentricity. This definition unifies all types of conic sections—ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas—under a single framework. When the focus is positioned at the origin of the polar coordinate system, a single polar equation can...
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Graphs of Polar Equations01:17

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The polar coordinate system represents points using a distance from a central point (the pole) and an angle from a reference direction (the polar axis). Unlike rectangular coordinates, polar coordinates are ideal for graphing curves with radial symmetry or periodic behavior.Some general forms of graphs in polar coordinates include the following:Equation of a Circle (Centered at the Pole):A graph where the radius remains constant for all angles traces a circle centered at the pole:Equation of a...
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In polar coordinates, the motion of a particle follows a curvilinear path. The radial coordinate symbolized as 'r,' extends outward from a fixed origin to the particle, while the angular coordinate, 'θ,' measured in radians, represents the counterclockwise angle between a fixed reference line and the radial line connecting the origin to the particle.
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Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

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The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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Polarization intrinsic coherence Poincaré sphere.

Philippe Réfrégier, Frédéric Galland, Julien Fade

    Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
    |March 17, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new Poincaré sphere model visualizes spatial coherence, simplifying complex optical phenomena. This geometric approach aids in understanding light polarization and coherence optimization for advanced optical applications.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Mathematical Physics

    Background:

    • The standard Poincaré sphere effectively represents light polarization.
    • Spatial coherence is crucial for understanding light propagation and interference.
    • Current methods for analyzing spatial coherence can be complex and lack intuitive geometric representations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Introduce a novel Poincaré-like sphere for characterizing spatial coherence.
    • Develop a unified geometric framework for both polarization and coherence.
    • Simplify the analysis of optical phenomena involving spatial coherence and polarization.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a generalized Poincaré sphere incorporating spatial coherence properties.
    • Utilized geometric transformations analogous to the standard Poincaré sphere.

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    Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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  • Applied the model to analyze deterministic and random Jones transformations and coherence optimization.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully introduced a Poincaré-like sphere for spatial coherence.
    • Demonstrated that geometric transformations on this sphere represent coherence optimization and Jones transformations.
    • The unified sphere provides a clear visualization of joint polarization and coherence characteristics.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed polarization intrinsic coherence Poincaré sphere offers a powerful tool for analyzing complex optical systems.
    • This geometric approach simplifies the understanding and manipulation of spatial coherence and polarization.
    • Enables intuitive identification of significant physical situations in optics.