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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2025

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Experiences With Complementary and Integrative Health Among People With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus

Sarah L Patterson1, Denise Ruvalcaba2, Arbella Issa3

  • 1S.L. Patterson, MD, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, and Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco; sarah.patterson@ucsf.edu.

The Journal of Rheumatology
|May 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are interested in lifestyle medicine (LM) and complementary and integrative health (CIH) for symptom management. However, uncertainty about safety, effectiveness, and cost are significant barriers to their use.

Keywords:
complementary and integrative healthlifestyle medicinequalitative researchrheumatoid arthritissystemic lupus erythematosus

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Integrative Medicine
  • Lifestyle Medicine

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are chronic inflammatory diseases causing persistent pain and fatigue.
  • Current pharmacological treatments may not fully alleviate symptoms for all patients.
  • Lifestyle medicine (LM) and complementary and integrative health (CIH) present potential adjuvant therapies for symptom management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore patient experiences with LM and CIH for managing RA and SLE.
  • To identify barriers encountered by patients when using LM and CIH modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative study involving 5 focus groups with English- and Spanish-speaking patients diagnosed with RA or SLE.
  • Utilized a semistructured interview guide to gather data on experiences and barriers related to LM and CIH.
  • Data were recorded, transcribed, translated, and analyzed iteratively to identify thematic trends.

Main Results:

  • Thirty-nine participants discussed using LM and CIH, with diet being the most frequent LM modality mentioned.
  • Traditional Chinese medicine and natural products were the most discussed CIH approaches.
  • Key barriers included uncertainty regarding safe and effective practices and high out-of-pocket costs.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with RA and SLE show significant interest in utilizing LM and CIH for symptom management.
  • A need exists for evidence-based guidance on the safety and efficacy of various LM and CIH approaches.
  • Further research is required to address patient questions and facilitate informed use of these therapies.