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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Photonics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Quasi-phase-matching (QPM) is crucial for nonlinear optical processes like second-harmonic generation (SHG), compensating for phase velocity mismatches.
  • Traditional QPM relies on periodic modulation of the nonlinear medium, but spatiotemporal extensions can induce frequency shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a self-organized spatiotemporal QPM grating in silicon nitride microresonators.
  • To investigate the induction of frequency shifts in generated light via all-optical poling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing all-optical poling in silicon nitride microresonators to create a concurrent spatial and temporal modulation of the nonlinear response.
  • Leveraging the coherent photogalvanic effect to self-organize a traveling space-charge grating.

Main Results:

  • Observation of a naturally emerging spatiotemporal QPM grating.
  • Generation of a quasi-phase-matched and Doppler-shifted second harmonic.
  • Demonstration of momentum and energy conservation being affected by the photoinduced grating.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully demonstrates photoinduced spatiotemporal QPM in silicon nitride microresonators.
  • This work expands the understanding and application of phase-matching conditions in nonlinear photonics.
  • The findings open new avenues for controlling light-matter interactions in integrated photonic devices.