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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Fourier Transform II01:24

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The Fourier Transform (FT) is an essential mathematical tool in signal processing, transforming a time-domain signal into its frequency-domain representation. This transformation elucidates the relationship between time and frequency domains through several properties, each revealing unique aspects of signal behavior.
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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Time-resolved certification of frequency-bin entanglement over multi-mode channels.

Stéphane Vinet1, Marco Clementi2, Marcello Bacchi2

  • 1Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada.

NPJ Quantum Information
|February 23, 2026
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We developed a passive technique for analyzing frequency-bin entangled photons, enabling scalable quantum communication for mobile and satellite systems. This method successfully certified entanglement and performed quantum state tomography.

Keywords:
Optics and photonicsPhysics

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Communication Technologies
  • Integrated Photonics

Background:

  • On-chip frequency-bin entangled photon sources offer scalable quantum communication platforms.
  • Current analysis methods for entangled photons are active, lossy, and limit scalability and multi-mode compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel, passive technique for processing frequency-encoded photons using linear interferometry and time-resolved detection.
  • To enable arbitrary projective measurements on single- and multi-mode frequency-bin entangled states.
  • To establish a resource-efficient and scalable approach for quantum communication over free-space and satellite links.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized frequency-bin entangled photons from a high-brightness multi-resonator source.
  • Employed linear interferometry and time-resolved detection for photon processing.
  • Performed joint temporal intensity measurements and quantum state tomography.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated arbitrary projective measurements on single- and multi-mode channels.
  • Certified entanglement by violating the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality with ∣S∣ = 2.32 ± 0.05 over multi-mode fiber.
  • Achieved up to 91% state fidelity through quantum state tomography.
  • Violated time-energy entropic uncertainty relations, indicating non-classical state generation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed passive technique is compatible with spatially multi-mode light and suitable for free-space and satellite applications.
  • This approach overcomes limitations of active components, enhancing scalability and multi-mode compatibility.
  • The study paves the way for robust frequency-bin entanglement deployment in resource-constrained quantum communication systems.