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Bioheterojunctions Prevent Tooth Caries via Cascade Antibacterial Strategy.

J Zhu1,2, L He1,3, X Xu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Journal of Dental Research
|May 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel bioheterojunctions (MX/AgP-GOx) to combat tooth decay by targeting both bacteria and the sugary environment. This approach combines glucose depletion, phototherapy, and metal ion effects for sustained anticaries action.

Keywords:
MXenebiofilmsglucoseglucose oxidasephototherapyreactive oxygen species

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Dental Research

Background:

  • Tooth caries is a prevalent oral disease driven by microorganisms and carbohydrates.
  • Current antibiotic therapies risk bacterial resistance.
  • Existing phototherapies lack sustained effects and fail to address cariogenic microenvironments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel bioheterojunctions (bio-HJs) targeting both chemical and biological aspects of dental plaque biofilm.
  • To create a sustained anticaries effect by addressing the cariogenic microenvironment and bacterial load.
  • To combine multiple therapeutic modalities for enhanced efficacy against tooth decay.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized MXene/Ag3PO4 (MX/AgP) and glucose oxidase (GOx) bioheterojunctions (MX/AgP-GOx).
  • Investigated glucose decomposition and H2O2 generation via GOx.
  • Evaluated antibacterial effects under near-infrared (NIR) light (phototherapy) and in the dark.
  • Assessed enamel mineral loss and biocompatibility using a rat caries model.

Main Results:

  • MX/AgP-GOx demonstrated significant phototherapy effects under NIR light (1.45 log reduction).
  • Sustained antibacterial activity was observed in the dark through Ag+ and GOx mechanisms (0.39 log reduction).
  • The material effectively reduced enamel mineral loss in vivo with good biocompatibility.

Conclusions:

  • Developed efficacy-cascade bio-HJs targeting sugar-rich cariogenic environments for sustained anticaries therapy.
  • Combined photodynamic therapy, photothermal effects, and metal ion synergy for continuous biofilm elimination.
  • Demonstrated a promising strategy for preventing and treating tooth caries by addressing multiple contributing factors.