Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 4, 2026

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation
Published on: July 29, 2011
Lower loop re-entrant flutter
Anish Bhargav1, Ramanathan Velayutham1, Raja J Selvaraj1
1Department of Cardiology Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research Puducherry India.
Abstract:
An elderly man with a history of a prior inferior wall myocardial infarction underwent ablation for an atypical right atrial flutter. Electroanatomic mapping revealed diffuse scarring on the anterior, anterolateral, and posterior right atrium, presumably due to atrial infarction from the prior inferior wall myocardial infarction, forcing the activation wavefront through an area of slow conduction across the lower end of the crista terminalis, leading to lower loop reentry in a counterclockwise fashion around the inferior vena cava and a 12-lead ECG showing positive flutter waves in the inferior leads reflecting septal activation in a cranio-caudal direction.
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