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Related Concept Videos

Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
Space Trusses01:25

Space Trusses

A space truss is a three-dimensional counterpart of a planar truss. These structures consist of members connected at their ends, often utilizing ball-and-socket joints to create a stable and versatile framework. The space truss is widely used in various construction projects due to its adaptability and capacity to withstand complex loads.
At the core of a space truss lies the fundamental unit known as the tetrahedron. This structure is composed of six members that form a three-dimensional shape...
Torsion of Noncircular Members01:16

Torsion of Noncircular Members

Circular shafts undergoing torsional stress maintain their cross-sectional integrity due to their axisymmetric nature. This symmetry ensures an even distribution of stress, allowing the shaft to withstand torsion without distorting. In contrast, square bars, lacking this axial symmetry, experience significant distortion across their cross-sections when subjected to torsion, with the exception of along their diagonals and at lines connecting midpoints. A detailed examination of a cubic element...
Mohr's Circle for Plane Strain01:18

Mohr's Circle for Plane Strain

Mohr's circle is a crucial graphical method used to analyze plane strain by plotting strain on a set of cartesian coordinates, where the abscissa is normal strain ∈ and the ordinate is shear strain γ. Similarly to Mohr’s circle for plane stress, two points X and Y are plotted. Their coordinates are (∈x, -γXY) and (∈Y, γXY), respectively.
Mohr's circle visually represents the strain states under various conditions, which is essential for understanding material behavior. The center of Mohr's...
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain01:29

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain

Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...
Castigliano's Theorem01:18

Castigliano's Theorem

Castigliano's theorem analyzes displacements and rotations in elastic structures. It relates the derivative of elastic strain energy to the applied forces or moments, allowing for the calculation of deformations. The theorem states that the partial derivative of the total strain energy of a system with respect to a specific load results in the displacement at the point where the load is applied. This principle applies to both forces and moments.

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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Visualization, Quantification, and Mapping of Immune Cell Populations in the Tumor Microenvironment
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Visualization, Quantification, and Mapping of Immune Cell Populations in the Tumor Microenvironment

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A Spatial Multi-Omic Framework Identifies Gliomas Permissive to TIL Expansion.

Mustafa Khasraw1, Kelly Hotchkiss1, Kenan Zhang1

  • 1Duke University Medical Center.

Research Square
|May 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy shows promise for brain tumors. Researchers identified key genomic and spatial factors, like IL7R expression and metabolic programs, that predict successful TIL expansion for adoptive T cell therapy in glioblastoma.

Keywords:
AstrocytomaGlioblastomaImmunotherapyMultiplex ProteomicsSingle-Cell RNA SequencingSpatial TranscriptomicsTCR ProfilingTIL ExpansionTumor MicroenvironmentTumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes

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Author Spotlight: Unlocking Insights into the Immune Cell Landscape of Tumors
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genomics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is a promising cell-based immunotherapy recently approved for melanoma.
  • Its efficacy in glioblastoma (a 'cold' tumor) is limited by poor T cell infiltration and a suppressive tumor microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genomic and spatial factors influencing TIL expandability in high-grade gliomas.
  • To establish a platform for selecting patients likely to benefit from TIL therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated multimodal profiling of high-grade gliomas, including spectral flow cytometry, TCR sequencing, single-cell RNA-seq, Xenium in situ transcriptomics, and CODEX spatial proteomics.
  • Comparative analysis of TIL-generating (TIL+) versus non-generating (TIL-) tumors.

Main Results:

  • Successful TIL expansion was associated with IL7R expression, perivascular immune clustering, and tumor metabolic programs (e.g., ACSS3).
  • Non-expanding TIL- tumors showed enrichment for neuronal signatures, immunosuppressive transcripts (TOX, FERMT1), and tumor-associated macrophages.

Conclusions:

  • This study defines critical spatial and molecular correlates for TIL manufacturing success in glioblastoma.
  • A genomics-enabled selection platform is established, with prospective implementation in the GIANT clinical trial (NCT06816927) for adoptive T cell therapy.