Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

3.7K
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
3.7K
Chirality02:25

Chirality

22.6K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
22.6K
Fischer Projections02:18

Fischer Projections

12.8K
Learning to draw Fischer projections of molecules and understanding their relevance plays a crucial role in the visual depiction of organic molecules. A Fischer projection is a two-dimensional projection on a planar surface to simplify the three-dimensional wedge–dash representation of molecules. This is especially helpful in the case of molecules with multiple chiral centers that can be difficult to draw. Here, all the bonds of interest are represented as horizontal or vertical lines.
12.8K
Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

12.4K
Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
12.4K
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

23.7K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
23.7K
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

11.1K
Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
11.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Analyzing Spatial Variations in Molecular Mobility in Hydrated Amorphous Drug-Polymer Blends Using Fourier Transform Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching and Image Segmentation.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

High-Dose Methotrexate as CNS Prophylaxis in Ultra High-Risk Large B-Cell Lymphoma: An International Multicenter Analysis.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2026
Same author

Pixel-Wise Diffusion Imaging by Structured Illumination Microscopy Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (SIM-FRAP).

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Strategies for Managing Toxicities With High-Dose Methotrexate in Haematological Malignancies: Lessons From Clinical Cases.

Clinical case reports·2026
Same author

Mid-Infrared Optical Photothermal Interferometric Microscopy of Substrate-Supported Samples.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Consequences of Kramers-Kronig relations on Kleinman antisymmetric spectral observables: Chiral-specific sum frequency generation spectroscopy.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2025

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
08:44

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Published on: March 2, 2020

10.6K

Theoretical Foundation for Interface-Specific Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering in Uniaxial Chiral Assemblies.

Kevin Murati1, Alexander J Higgins1, Carly M Clisham1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|May 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study develops a framework for analyzing incoherent signals in second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy of uniaxially oriented materials. It reveals new chiral-specific signals in the incoherent component, aiding in the analysis of biological tissues and chiral assemblies.

More Related Videos

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.0K
Structural Studies of Macromolecules in Solution using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering
07:19

Structural Studies of Macromolecules in Solution using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering

Published on: November 5, 2018

12.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2025

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
08:44

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Published on: March 2, 2020

10.6K
Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.0K
Structural Studies of Macromolecules in Solution using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering
07:19

Structural Studies of Macromolecules in Solution using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering

Published on: November 5, 2018

12.5K

Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy is valuable for analyzing heterogeneous materials like tissues and powders.
  • Structural heterogeneity causes signal decoherence, challenging polarization analyses that assume pure signal polarization.
  • Existing models for hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) primarily address isotropic systems, not lower symmetry assemblies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mathematical framework for interpreting the incoherent component of SHG signals from uniaxially oriented assemblies.
  • To extend the theory of HRS to include both achiral and chiral uniaxial systems.
  • To explore the potential for new chiral-specific observables within the incoherent SHG response.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a general theory for hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) in uniaxially oriented assemblies.
  • Included analysis for both achiral and chiral uniaxial systems.
  • Investigated the symmetry properties of incoherent chiral contributions to SHG.

Main Results:

  • The framework successfully interprets incoherent SHG signals from uniaxially oriented assemblies.
  • Predicted the observation of electric dipole-allowed chiral-specific signals within the incoherent SHG component of chiral assemblies with polar, uniaxial symmetry.
  • Demonstrated that these incoherent chiral contributions have distinct symmetry properties compared to coherent SHG chiral sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed theory provides a method for analyzing decoherent SHG signals in heterogeneous and low-symmetry systems.
  • The prediction of new incoherent chiral signals opens avenues for surface-specific and chiral-specific nonlinear optical analysis.
  • This work offers insights into chiral SHG microscopy of biological tissues and suggests new experimental strategies.