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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Microbiology
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • The intestinal microbiome is increasingly recognized for its role in acute critical illness pathogenesis in humans and mammals.
  • Its metabolic functions include short-chain fatty acid production, trimethylamine-N-oxide synthesis, and bile acid metabolism.
  • The microbiota is vital for host immunity and defense against pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the intestinal microbiome in acute critical illness in small animals.
  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of microbiota modulation techniques in critically ill dogs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on small animal critical illness and intestinal microbiota.
  • Analysis of studies investigating probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation in dogs.

Main Results:

  • Evidence for the microbiome's role in small animal critical illness is limited but growing.
  • Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation demonstrated safety and effectiveness in critically ill dogs with acute gastrointestinal issues.

Conclusions:

  • The intestinal microbiota is a significant factor in acute critical illness in dogs.
  • Microbiota modulation via probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation offers a promising therapeutic strategy for these patients.