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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2025

Design and Construction of an Urban Runoff Research Facility
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Optimizing urban park cooling effects requires balancing morphological design and landscape structure.

Lin Wang1,2, Wenjia Wang1,2, Fei Tang3

  • 1Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Soil Erosion and Disaster Prevention, College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.

Scientific Reports
|May 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Park Cooling Islands mitigate urban heat. Optimal park size for cooling effect is 0.594–56 hm², with design elements like vegetation and water bodies being crucial for maximizing cooling potential.

Keywords:
Landscape patchPark cooling effectThreshold value of efficiencyUrban heat IslandUrban park size

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Area of Science:

  • Urban Climatology
  • Landscape Ecology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Increasing urbanization and global warming lead to more frequent extreme heat events.
  • Urban parks are crucial for mitigating heat through the Park Cooling Island (PCI) effect.
  • Understanding the relationship between park characteristics and cooling effect is vital for urban planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the cooling effect of 50 urban parks in Fuzhou.
  • To investigate the relationship between park area and its cooling effect (PCE).
  • To identify key park design features that enhance PCE.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative analysis of cooling effect (PCE) across 50 urban parks.
  • Exploration of correlations between park area and PCE.
  • Assessment of the influence of landscape metrics (e.g., impervious surface, water bodies, vegetation, patch patterns, edge density, fragmentation) on PCE.

Main Results:

  • No simple positive correlation exists between park area and PCE.
  • Optimal park area for cooling effect is between 0.594 and 56 hm².
  • Low impervious surface, high water/vegetation proportion, and complex patch patterns enhance PCE, while edge density and fragmentation weaken it.

Conclusions:

  • Park cooling effect is influenced by both internal and external park conditions, with internal factors being more significant.
  • Optimizing park design, including reducing impervious surfaces and increasing vegetation diversity, is more effective than solely increasing park area.
  • Strategic park design and layout are essential for maximizing urban heat mitigation benefits.