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GPT-4's performance in supporting physician decision-making in nephrology multiple-choice questions
Ryunosuke Noda1, Kenichiro Tanabe2, Daisuke Ichikawa3
1Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan. nodaryu00@gmail.com.
Scientific Reports
|May 2, 2025
Summary
Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)-4 improved nephrology question accuracy for physicians, especially juniors. However, careful use is advised due to potential negative impacts in specific areas.
Area of Science:
- Medical Artificial Intelligence
- Nephrology Research
- Clinical Decision Support
Background:
- Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)-4, a conversational AI, shows medical potential.
- Its efficacy in supporting physician decision-making, particularly in nephrology, is not well-established.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate GPT-4's performance in assisting physicians with nephrology-related questions.
- To compare the impact of GPT-4 assistance on junior and senior physicians' accuracy.
Main Methods:
- Forty-five multiple-choice nephrology questions were used.
- Junior and senior physicians answered questions unaided and then with GPT-4 assistance.
- Accuracy rates were compared before and after GPT-4 intervention.
Main Results:
- GPT-4 answered 77.8% of questions correctly.
- Physician accuracy significantly increased after GPT-4 support (juniors: 53.3% to 72.2%; seniors: 65.6% to 75.6%).
- Improvement was more pronounced in junior physicians; seniors showed a decline in one category.
Conclusions:
- GPT-4 significantly enhances physician accuracy in nephrology, particularly for less experienced doctors.
- Potential negative impacts in specific subfields necessitate careful consideration for clinical implementation.
- Further research is required to optimize GPT-4 integration into medical decision-making.
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