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Comparison of 18F-DPA714 PET/MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with autoimmune encephalitis: a cross-sectional study

Huanyu Meng1,2, Xiaoyu Chen1, Lu He1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
|May 3, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

18F-DPA714 PET imaging shows better correlation with autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) severity than 18F-FDG PET. This study compared these PET techniques against MRI for AIE diagnosis.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Radiochemistry

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a low positive detection rate in autoimmune encephalitis (AIE), hindering rapid diagnosis.
  • Both 18F-DPA714 and 18F-FDG PET imaging show promise for AIE diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the diagnostic value of 18F-DPA714 PET and 18F-FDG PET in patients with AIE.
  • To evaluate the correlation of these imaging modalities with disease severity and clinical symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 23 antibody-positive and 2 possible antibody-negative AIE patients and 10 healthy controls.
  • Sequential 18F-DPA714 PET/MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations were performed within one week.
  • Clinical symptoms were assessed via follow-up 6-12 months post-examination.

Main Results:

  • 18F-FDG PET (81%) and 18F-DPA714 PET (76%) had higher positivity rates than MRI (44%).
  • 18F-DPA714 uptake correlated with AIE severity (mRS and CASE scores), unlike 18F-FDG.
  • Elevated 18F-DPA714 and decreased 18F-FDG uptake were observed in patients with long-term cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • 18F-DPA714 PET demonstrates a stronger correlation with AIE disease severity compared to 18F-FDG PET.
  • 18F-DPA714 PET can serve as a valuable supplementary tool alongside 18F-FDG PET and MRI for AIE diagnosis.
Keywords:
18F-DPA714 PET18F-FDG PETAutoimmune encephalitisCASE scoreMRIMRS score

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