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Related Concept Videos

Generalized Anxiety Disorder01:30

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
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Altered electroencephalography-based source functional connectivity in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

Che-Sheng Chu1, Yen-Yue Lin2, Cathy Chia-Yu Huang3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Consortium for Mental Disorders, Society of Psychophysiology, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
|May 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed altered brain functional connectivity (FC) in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients. These EEG measures may help differentiate GAD and predict illness duration.

Keywords:
ElectroencephalogramFunctional connectivityGeneralized anxiety disorderLagged phase synchronizationNetwork efficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a prevalent mental health condition characterized by excessive worry and anxiety.
  • Understanding the neurophysiological underpinnings of GAD is crucial for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • Current diagnostic methods for GAD rely primarily on clinical interviews and symptom-based assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neurophysiological markers of GAD using electroencephalography (EEG).
  • To assess brain functional connectivity (FC) in GAD patients by analyzing lagged phase synchronization (LPS).
  • To explore differences in FC between GAD patients and healthy controls and correlate these with clinical symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Cortical EEG sources were modeled using exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA).
  • Graph theory analyses were applied to networks derived from LPS to compare FC between GAD patients and controls.
  • The association between altered network parameters and GAD symptomatology was examined.

Main Results:

  • GAD patients (n=104) exhibited higher brain connectivity in beta-2 (18.5-21 Hz) and beta-3 (21.5-30 Hz) frequency bands compared to controls (n=89).
  • Specific regions, including the left cingulate gyrus and right postcentral gyrus, showed increased FC in GAD.
  • GAD patients demonstrated higher global network efficiency in the beta-3 band, and longer illness duration correlated positively with increased beta-2 FC.

Conclusions:

  • EEG-derived measures, particularly FC analysis, are valuable for understanding the neurophysiological alterations in GAD.
  • EEG shows potential as a biomarker for differentiating GAD patients from controls.
  • These findings suggest EEG could serve as a predictive tool in future GAD research and clinical applications.