African immigrants' health behaviors related to non-communicable diseases- a qualitative systematic review

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise globally, accounting for approximately 71% of deaths worldwide. This upward trend has also been observed among the increasing population of African immigrants residing in Western countries, where health behavior and various sociocultural and socioeconomic factors contribute to the growing prevalence of NCDs in this group.

This study explored the health behaviors of African immigrants related to NCDs, and the sociocultural and socioeconomic factors influencing these behaviors. The aim is to provide evidence-based insight that can be used in the development of culturally sensitive interventions in the prevention of NCDs among African immigrants in Western countries.

A comprehensive search of relevant literature was done to identify relevant articles using three databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SCOPUS) between 2022-2024. The systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies were included in the final synthesis.

The findings showed that African immigrants retain both positive and negative health behaviors after migration, while also adopting certain behaviors from their host countries that heighten their risk of developing NCDs. Additionally, socioeconomic status before and after migration, as well as sociocultural values, were found to have a negative influence on their health behaviors. Gender-specific factors also contributed to shaping these behaviors.

Considering the changing environment African immigrants encounter in their host countries, it is essential to account for the unique characteristics of this growing group when designing culturally sensitive health interventions aimed at preventing NCDs.