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Rampant Reticulation in a Rapid Radiation of Tropical Trees-Insights from Inga (Fabaceae).

Rowan J Schley1, Rosalía Piñeiro2, James A Nicholls3,4

  • 1Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QE, UK.

Systematic Biology
|May 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Hybridization played a significant role in the rapid radiation of Amazonian Inga trees, facilitating adaptation through the exchange of genetic material, particularly for defense traits against insect herbivores.

Keywords:
Amazondiversificationhybridizationintrogressionphylogenomicsradiationrainforestsyngameon

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Plant speciation
  • Amazonian flora

Background:

  • Evolutionary radiations drive Earth's species diversity, especially in the Amazon rainforest.
  • Hybridization is a known factor in radiations, potentially generating novelty or homogenizing species.
  • The impact of hybridization on Amazonian tree radiations remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of hybridization in the rapid radiation of the neotropical tree genus Inga.
  • Assess gene tree incongruence to determine if hybridization is linked to Inga's radiation.
  • Examine introgression of loci related to chemical defenses against herbivory.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenomic analyses using >1300 target capture loci across 189/288 Inga species.
  • Phylogenetic network analyses to detect introgression events.
  • Tests for positive selection and introgression levels in defense chemistry loci.

Main Results:

  • Widespread introgression was detected across Inga species, with significant phylogenetic incongruence explained by hybridization.
  • Phylogenetic networks revealed multiple introgression events and substantial shared genetic variation (up to 20%) between some species.
  • Defense chemistry loci showed evidence of positive selection and higher introgression rates.

Conclusions:

  • Introgression has been a widespread phenomenon throughout Inga's evolutionary history, potentially within a syngameon.
  • Extensive dispersal across Amazonia likely facilitated this introgression.
  • Introgression, especially of chemical defense loci, may have influenced adaptation in Inga, contributing to its diversification.