Imaging of Geographic Atrophy: A Practical Approach

Geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration is a chronic degenerative disease involving the retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptors, and choriocapillaris leading to irreversible loss of visual function. Identification of imaging markers associated with GA development and progression has progressed over the past decades, moving from two-dimensional to three-dimensional imaging, as well as image interpretation using artificial intelligence. However, there is an open discussion about the "must-haves" for GA detection and follow-up as well as complementary imaging. This practical approach provides an overview of the advantages of key imaging modalities for GA and their applicability in clinical and experimental settings.