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Teratogenicity

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2025

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

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Published on: November 20, 2015

Maternal Disability and Emergency Department Use for Infants.

Hilary K Brown^1,2,3,4, Yona Lunsky^4,5,6, Kinwah Fung⁴

¹Department of Health & Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

JAMA Network Open

|May 5, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Infants born to mothers with disabilities are more likely to visit the emergency department (ED). This highlights the need for better family support and accessible primary care for these children.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Pediatrics
Disability Studies

Background:

Infants represent a high-risk group for emergency department (ED) visits.
Women with disabilities face social disparities and potential barriers to accessing pediatric primary care, potentially leading to increased ED utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare emergency department (ED) utilization among infants born to mothers with and without disabilities.
To analyze ED visits by timing (early vs. late infancy) and acuity (high, moderate, low) in relation to maternal disability status.

Main Methods:

Population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada, analyzing data from April 2008 to March 2021.
Maternal disability status (physical, sensory, intellectual/developmental, multiple) identified using diagnostic algorithms on pre-delivery healthcare encounters.
Cox proportional hazards regression used to assess the association between maternal disability and infant ED visits, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and infant characteristics.

Main Results:

Over 1.5 million infants were included; 12.6% were born to mothers with a disability.
Infants of mothers with any type of disability (physical, sensory, intellectual/developmental, multiple) showed a higher likelihood of ED visits compared to infants of mothers without disabilities.
This increased likelihood of ED use was consistent across different timings and acuity levels of the visits.

Conclusions:

Infants born to mothers with disabilities demonstrate a greater propensity for emergency department (ED) use.
Findings underscore the critical need for enhanced family support services and improved access to early primary care for children of mothers with disabilities.