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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:28

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Updated: May 12, 2025

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
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Acute changes in left atrial appendage function with premature ventricular complexes.

Suresh Kumar Sukumaran1, Anish Bhargav1, Sridhar Balaguru1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India.

Indian Heart Journal
|May 5, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) acutely reduce left atrial appendage (LAA) diastolic emptying velocity. This dysfunction may explain the link between frequent PVCs and stroke risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Stroke Prevention

Background:

  • Left atrial appendage (LAA) dysfunction is a known risk factor for embolic stroke.
  • Frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are also associated with an increased risk of stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether left atrial dysfunction serves as a link between frequent PVCs and stroke.
  • To assess the acute effect of simulated frequent PVCs on LAA function.

Main Methods:

  • Ten patients with structurally normal hearts undergoing electrophysiology study were included.
  • Transesophageal echocardiography measured LAA flow velocities.
  • PVCs were simulated using right ventricular pacing in a bigeminal pattern for 5 minutes.

Main Results:

  • A significant decrease in LAA late diastolic emptying velocity was observed after 5 minutes of simulated PVCs (p=0.01).
  • LAA filling velocity showed a non-significant trend toward decrease.
  • LAA velocities largely returned to baseline after a 5-minute rest period.

Conclusions:

  • Simulated frequent PVCs in a bigeminal pattern acutely impair LAA diastolic emptying velocity.
  • This acute LAA dysfunction represents a potential mechanism contributing to the increased stroke risk associated with frequent PVCs.