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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

18.5K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
18.5K
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

5.7K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
5.7K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

16.5K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
16.5K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

12.2K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
12.2K
States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

855
The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
855
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

4.0K
Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
4.0K

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Updated: May 12, 2025

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

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Stoichiometry-engineered phase transition in a two-dimensional binary compound.

Mengting Huang1, Ze Hua2, Roger Guzman3

  • 1School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.

Nature Communications
|May 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study unlocks nanomaterial phase engineering by controlling stoichiometry, enabling wafer-scale synthesis of diverse palladium-telluride phases, including novel superconductors.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Phase engineering in nanomaterials is constrained by complex kinetics and thermodynamics, limiting phase diversity and scalable synthesis.
  • Existing methods struggle to control stoichiometry, a key factor in material properties and phase formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore stoichiometry as a controllable parameter for phase engineering in palladium-telluride (Pd-Te) binary compounds.
  • To develop a method for achieving wafer-scale, stoichiometry-controlled synthesis of nanomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the kinetic processes of Pd-Te phase formation by manipulating diffusion rates.
  • Utilized sequential multi-step nucleation and controlled halting of phase transitions.
  • Employed advanced characterization techniques to identify distinct phases and their stoichiometry.

Main Results:

  • Identified five distinct Pd-Te phases, including transitions from Pd10Te3 to PdTe2, by fine-tuning stoichiometry.
  • Achieved wafer-scale growth of stoichiometry-controllable Pd-Te nanomaterials.
  • Discovered that four of the synthesized phases exhibit superconducting properties.

Conclusions:

  • Stoichiometry engineering offers a powerful strategy to expand the phase library and diversity of nanomaterials.
  • The demonstrated method enables scalable production of novel superconducting materials.
  • Understanding phase transition mechanisms through stoichiometry control is crucial for advancing nanomaterial applications.