A Spotlight on PLGA-based Nanoparticles: Pioneering a New Era in the Therapeutics of Cardiovascular Disorders

Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are the primary cause of mortality globally, and the community is significantly affected when young people suffer from CVDs. Coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, fibrosis, atherosclerosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, thrombosis, and ischemic diseases are different types of CVDs, which encompass a wide range of conditions that interfere with the functioning of the cardiovascular system. The relevance of nanotechnology in the treatment of CVDs has emerged progressively in previous decades.

This review offers concise insights into the physiochemical characteristics of poly (lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) imperative for drug delivery. This article highlights the application of PLGA-NPs in myocardial ischemia, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary artery hypertension, valvular heart disease, tumour thrombus, cardiac myocyte, restenosis, cardiovascular theranostics, vascular disorders, and angiogenesis. Further, this review gives updates about published patents pertaining to the current state-of-art about PLGA-NPs in CVDs.

An extensive review was undertaken employing the Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases using scientific papers published in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2024.

Owing to their minuscule size and increased surface area accessible for surface functionalization, the PLGA-NPs offer a cutting-edge technology to provide an efficient platform for controlled and targeted drug delivery, therefore, imparting tremendous relevance in reducing the occurrence of CVDs.

This has been concluded that PLGA is the highly effective biodegradable copolymer, also known as "Smart polymers," because of their biodegradability, biocompatibility, controlled drug release profile, and potential for surface modification with targeting molecules.