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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

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In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400...
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Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

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The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
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Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

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Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been...
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Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

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Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
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Correction to "Microchip-Based Structure Determination of Disease-Relevant p53".

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RETRACTED: Kelly et al. Delineating Conformational Variability in Small Protein Structures Using Combinatorial Refinement Strategies. <i>Micromachines</i> 2023, <i>14</i>, 1869.

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Retraction notice to "Electron microscopic analysis of rotavirus assembly-replication intermediates" [Virology 477 (2015) 32-41].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2025

Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: December 20, 2012

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Liquid-Electron Microscopy and the Real-Time Revolution.

Deborah F Kelly1

  • 1Structural Oncology LLC, State College, Pennsylvania, USA;

Annual Review of Biophysics
|May 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (liquid-EM) offers a new way to see biomolecules at room temperature. This technique aims to overcome challenges for atomic-level observation of molecular processes in real-time.

Keywords:
electron microscopygrapheneliquid-EMliquid-phase transmission electron microscopymicrochipmicrofluidicsreal-time

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Studying Dynamic Processes of Nano-sized Objects in Liquid using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Visualizing Surface T-Cell Receptor Dynamics Four-Dimensionally Using Lattice Light-Sheet Microscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Imaging
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Current imaging technologies provide detailed views of biological structures.
  • Direct atomic observation of biomolecules in action remains a significant challenge.
  • Cryo-electron microscopy has revolutionized biophysics resolution but requires freezing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state, challenges, and opportunities in liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (liquid-EM).
  • To discuss technical considerations for implementing liquid-EM, including specimen handling and data management.
  • To highlight the potential of liquid-EM for real-time molecular microscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and technical considerations for liquid-EM.
  • Discussion of specimen enclosure designs, device systems, and data management strategies.
  • Exploration of interdisciplinary collaboration between materials and life sciences.

Main Results:

  • Liquid-EM presents a promising room-temperature alternative to cryo-electron microscopy for observing biomolecules.
  • Key technical challenges in specimen preparation, device integration, and data handling are identified.
  • The potential for liquid-EM to drive a real-time revolution in molecular imaging is discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid-EM technology is gaining traction and requires interdisciplinary collaboration for best practices.
  • Open resource sharing and partnerships are crucial for advancing liquid-EM and supporting scientific equity.
  • This technique holds significant potential for real-time molecular observation in the life sciences.