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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2025

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
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Using a loose-leaf vaporizer to study tobacco-cannabis co-administration: A proof-of-concept study.

Gideon St Helen1, Christopher Havel1, Newton Addo1

  • 1Research Program in Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence
|May 6, 2025
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Summary

Vaping cannabis and tobacco together significantly increases exposure to THC and nicotine. Nicotine may attenuate the effects of THC, as subjective experiences and heart rate did not differ between the mixture and cannabis alone.

Keywords:
CannabisCo-administrationCo-usePharmacologyTobacco

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Toxicology
  • Cannabis and Tobacco Research
  • Vaporizer Technology

Background:

  • Concurrent use of cannabis and tobacco is prevalent.
  • Understanding the combined effects of vaping these substances is crucial for public health.
  • Vaporizer devices offer a controlled method for substance administration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and nicotine intake, pharmacokinetics, and physiological effects.
  • To investigate the effects of vaping cannabis only, tobacco only, and a 50-50 mixture.
  • To assess subjective and physiological responses to different vaping conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Eight healthy adults who use both cannabis and tobacco participated in a within-subject study.
  • Participants vaped standardized doses of cannabis only, tobacco only, or a cannabis-tobacco mixture using a PAX-3 vaporizer.
  • Blood samples were collected, and questionnaires administered pre- and post-vaping.

Main Results:

  • Vaping the mixture resulted in significantly higher plasma THC and nicotine concentrations (Cmax and AUC) compared to single-substance use.
  • Plasma THC Cmax and AUC were higher with the mixture versus cannabis alone.
  • Plasma nicotine Cmax and AUC were higher with the mixture versus tobacco alone.

Conclusions:

  • Co-vaping cannabis and tobacco enhances exposure to both THC and nicotine.
  • Nicotine may attenuate THC's subjective effects and physiological impact, as observed in the mixture condition.
  • Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings and understand the implications of combined use.