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Related Concept Videos

General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Transcription Factors02:16

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Position-effect Variegation02:32

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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Updated: May 17, 2025

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Trans-eQTL hotspots shape complex traits by modulating cellular states.

Kaushik Renganaath1, Frank Wolfgang Albert1

  • 1Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

Cell Genomics
|May 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic variation influencing gene expression significantly impacts complex traits. Trans-acting regulatory hotspots, not local variations, are key drivers of these connections and growth variation in yeast.

Keywords:
QTLscomplex traitsexpression QTLsgene expressiongenetic variationheritabilitymediationpleiotropyquantitative geneticsyeast

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Systems Biology
  • Yeast Genetics

Background:

  • Regulatory genetic variation influences gene expression, linking DNA variation to complex traits.
  • Understanding the causal links between gene expression and complex traits is crucial but challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic basis of gene expression and complex growth traits in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • To identify the regulatory mechanisms connecting gene expression to phenotypic variation.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of transcriptomic data with 46 complex growth traits from a yeast cross.
  • Analysis of genetic correlations between gene expression and growth traits.
  • Identification of regulatory loci, including trans-acting hotspots.

Main Results:

  • Thousands of genetic correlations were found between gene expression and yeast growth.
  • Trans-acting regulatory loci, particularly hotspots, were major contributors to genetic correlations and growth variation.
  • Local regulatory variation played a minor role.

Conclusions:

  • Trans-acting regulatory hotspots significantly shape complex traits by modulating cellular states.
  • Gene expression changes driven by trans-acting factors are critical for complex trait variation.