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Recent advances in smart gold nanoparticles for photothermal therapy
André F Moreira1, Hugo A L Filipe1, Sónia P Miguel1
1BRIDGES - Biotechnology Research, Innovation, and Design of Health Products, Polytechnic of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal.
Nanomedicine (London, England)
|May 7, 2025
Summary
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) show promise for biomedical uses, especially in photothermal therapy. Surface modifications and hybrid designs enhance their effectiveness and safety for clinical applications.
Area of Science:
- Nanomedicine
- Biomaterials
- Optical Physics
Background:
- Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) offer low toxicity and unique optical properties for biomedical applications.
- The plasmonic photothermal effect of AuNPs enables localized hyperthermia.
- Near-infrared (NIR) absorption is crucial for deep tissue penetration in the human body.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the applications of gold nanoparticles in photothermal therapy.
- To discuss synthesis methods and key particle parameters influencing photothermal efficacy.
- To explore advancements in hybrid nanomaterials and surface functionalization for improved therapeutic outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Optimization of commonly explored AuNPs (spheres, rods, stars, cages) for NIR plasmon resonance.
- Development of hybrid AuNPs by combining with materials like silica, graphene, and polymers.
- Surface functionalization strategies, including biomimetic coatings using cell-derived vesicles.
Main Results:
- Optimized AuNPs and hybrid nanomaterials demonstrate amplified photothermal effects (T ≥ 45°C).
- Surface functionalization improves colloidal stability, safety, and therapeutic outcomes.
- Biomimetic coatings enhance immune evasion, circulation time, and tissue targeting.
Conclusions:
- AuNPs are versatile for photothermal therapy, with tunable properties for enhanced efficacy.
- Hybrid nanomaterials and advanced surface modifications are key to overcoming current limitations.
- Further development is needed to accelerate the clinical translation of AuNPs for therapeutic and theranostic purposes.
