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Antimony Doping in SnO2 Nanoparticles for Sensitive NO2 Sensors.

Ruibo Xiao1, Long Pang1, Xin Lai1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.

ACS Sensors
|May 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces novel antimony-doped tin dioxide (Sb-doped SnO2) sensors for highly sensitive nitrogen dioxide (NO2) detection. The optimized sensors achieve ppb-level detection limits at room temperature, crucial for environmental monitoring.

Keywords:
MOS gas sensorNO2 sensorSb doped SnO2SnO2metal oxide semiconductorresistive gas sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Developing cost-effective nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensors with parts per billion (ppb)-level limit of detection (LOD) is critical for monitoring this toxic gas.
  • Tin dioxide (SnO2) based sensors show promise but face challenges like poor selectivity, high operating temperatures, and moisture sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize high-performance antimony-doped tin dioxide (Sb-doped SnO2) sensors.
  • To investigate the effect of antimony doping on the sensing properties of SnO2 for NO2 detection.
  • To optimize sensor performance for enhanced selectivity, sensitivity, and stability.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrothermal synthesis of Sb-doped SnO2 nanoparticles.
  • Characterization of crystalline structure and nanoparticle size.
  • Fabrication and testing of gas sensors under varying temperatures and humidity.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand doping effects.

Main Results:

  • Sb-doped SnO2 sensors exhibited rutile tetragonal crystalline structures with fine nanoparticles.
  • Optimal annealing at 300 °C and specific doping concentrations (0.1-2.0 atom %) enhanced sensor performance.
  • Sensors showed prominent selectivity towards NO2, with peak responses varying with temperature and doping.
  • The SnO2:0.1%Sb sensor demonstrated excellent stability, a high response (2.65 × 10^4), rapid response/recovery times (153 s/11 s), and a low LOD (20 ppb) at 75 °C.
  • DFT calculations confirmed that moderate Sb doping enhances NO2 adsorption.

Conclusions:

  • Antimony doping effectively improves the performance of SnO2-based NO2 sensors.
  • Optimized Sb-doped SnO2 sensors offer a cost-effective solution for ppb-level NO2 detection.
  • The developed sensors exhibit enhanced selectivity, sensitivity, and stability, making them suitable for environmental monitoring applications.