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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Understanding and Mitigating Cardiotoxicity in Anticancer Drug Therapy: A Comprehensive Review.

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Cancer treatments can cause heart problems, including cardiotoxicity and heart failure. This review explores risks, cellular pathways, and cardioprotective strategies for cancer patients to improve cardiovascular health during treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cancer and heart disease are leading causes of death globally.
  • Cancer treatments improve survival but pose cardiovascular risks.
  • Cardiotoxicity is a significant challenge, potentially leading to heart failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between cancer treatment and cardiovascular events.
  • To highlight the role of drug type, dosage, and duration in cardiotoxicity.
  • To review strategies for mitigating cardiovascular damage and diagnostic biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapy and targeted therapy.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular pathways involved in treatment-related cardiac dysfunction.
  • Exploration of synthetic and natural cardio protectants.

Main Results:

  • Cancer therapies, including traditional and novel agents, are associated with significant rates of cardiac dysfunction.
  • Cardiotoxicity can manifest as hypertension, ischemia, rhythm abnormalities, and heart failure.
  • Various factors influence the risk and severity of cardiovascular events.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cardiotoxicity mechanisms is crucial for managing cancer patients.
  • Implementing cardioprotective strategies and early detection biomarkers is essential for optimal patient care.
  • Safeguarding cardiovascular health during cancer treatment is imperative.