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Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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Human identification through 3D images:  a comparative method based on common dental morphological traits.

Ana Catarina Silva^1,2, Alexandra Teixeira^1,2, Teresa Pinho³

¹Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, Gandra, Portugal.

The Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology

|May 7, 2025

Summary

Dental traits and 3D imaging offer a new method for identifying human remains. This technique aids in rapidly identifying individuals, especially in mass disaster scenarios with degraded bodies.

Keywords:

Dental traits Disaster victim identification Forensic anthropology Forensic dentistry Three-dimensional images

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Area of Science:

Forensic Anthropology
Dental Identification
3D Imaging Technology

Background:

Rapid identification of human remains is crucial in forensic science, especially for multiple victims or degraded bodies.
Dental features are highly valuable for human identification due to their unique characteristics and varying population frequencies.
Existing methods require complementary approaches for efficient victim identification in challenging scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and evaluate a discriminative method by exclusion for individual identification using dental traits and intraoral 3D images.
To assess the efficiency of this method in various scenarios, including those with rare dental profiles.
To determine the potential of dental morphological traits combined with 3D imaging for forensic identification.

Main Methods:

Selected 10 dental morphological traits to create personal profiles.
Utilized intraoral 3D images for dental trait evaluation.
Developed matching-exclusion tables and analyzed different problem cases with varying dental profile frequencies.

Main Results:

The proposed method successfully narrowed down identification candidates in simulated problem cases.
Both conservative and less conservative approaches showed varying efficiencies depending on the case.
The rarest dental profile did not always require the fewest steps for identification.

Conclusions:

Combining dental morphological traits with 3D imaging technology can significantly enhance the efficiency of victim identification.
This approach is particularly beneficial for triage and identification in mass disaster situations.
The method provides a valuable complementary tool for forensic identification, especially with degraded remains.