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Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Metabolomic Analysis of Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell. Fruit Extracts That
Ian Edwin Cock1, Benjamin Matthews2, Adriaan Erasmus Basson3
1Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Brisbane 4222, Australia.
Methanolic and aqueous extracts from T. ferdinandiana fruits show potent activity against HIV-1 replication. These natural compounds inhibit viral infection, reverse transcriptase, and protease, offering a promising avenue for new anti-HIV-1 therapies.
Area of Science:
- Phytochemistry
- Virology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Emerging HIV strains resistant to current antiretroviral drugs necessitate novel therapeutic agents.
- Traditional medicinal plants are a valuable source for discovering new anti-HIV compounds.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the anti-HIV-1 activity of T. ferdinandiana fruit extracts.
- To identify potential therapeutic applications of T. ferdinandiana in HIV-1 management.
Main Methods:
- Cell infectivity assays using HIV-1 pseudovirus.
- Recombinant enzyme assays for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease inhibition.
- LC-MS metabolomic profiling of T. ferdinandiana extracts.
Main Results:
- Both methanolic and aqueous T. ferdinandiana extracts demonstrated significant inhibition of viral infection (IC50: 16-19 µg/mL).
- Extracts effectively inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (IC50: 33-35 µg/mL) and protease (IC50: 19-27 µg/mL).
- Metabolomic analysis revealed tannins, flavonoids, and stilbenes with known bioactivities.
Conclusions:
- T. ferdinandiana fruit extracts exhibit potent multi-phase inhibition of HIV-1 replication.
- The extracts possess favorable safety profiles and therapeutic indices, suggesting suitability for therapeutic use.
- T. ferdinandiana extracts are promising candidates for HIV-1 prevention, treatment, and management.
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