Nanozyme-Driven Signal Amplification in Cancer Biosensing: Innovations Toward Precision and Point-of-Care Oncology

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Nanotechnology
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Nanozyme-based biosensors are emerging tools for disease biomarker detection.
• Current biosensors face challenges in sensitivity, specificity, and clinical translation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in nanozyme-based biosensors for detecting cancer biomarkers.
• To assess the role of nanomaterials and novel platforms in improving biosensor performance.
• To discuss challenges and future directions for clinical deployment.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on nanozyme-based biosensors for cancer biomarker detection.
• Analysis of various nanozyme catalytic reactions (peroxidase-, oxidase-, catalase-like).
• Evaluation of different nanomaterials (e.g., iron oxide-gold, quantum dots) and platforms (electrochemical, optical, microfluidic).

Main Results:

• Nanozymes significantly enhance signal generation in biosensors through catalytic reactions.
• Nanomaterials improve analytical performance, enabling multiplexed detection and miniaturization.
• Emerging technologies like amplification-free detection, smartphone-based systems, and AI-assisted analysis show translational potential.

Conclusions:

• Nanozyme-based biosensors offer a promising avenue for early cancer detection and monitoring.
• Addressing regulatory, reproducibility, and scalability issues is crucial for clinical implementation.
• Future research should focus on integrating mechanistic understanding with practical deployment strategies for precision oncology.