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Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2025

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Structural basis for hepatitis E virus neutralization by potent human antibodies.

Luis M Molinos-Albert¹, Eduard Baquero², Cyril Planchais¹

¹Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France.

Science Advances

|May 7, 2025

Summary

Researchers identified potent neutralizing antibodies against the hepatitis E virus (HEV) capsid protein. These findings offer a foundation for developing new HEV vaccines and immunotherapies.

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A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

Published on: May 10, 2022

Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Structural Biology

Background:

Antibodies targeting the hepatitis E virus (HEV) surface capsid protein (CA) are crucial for controlling and resolving HEV infection.
However, the precise molecular and functional characteristics of these antibodies are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize human HEV-CA-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).
To investigate the neutralizing capabilities and structural basis of HEV antibody responses.
To identify potential targets for HEV vaccine and immunotherapy development.

Main Methods:

Cloning and characterization of 144 human HEV-CA-specific mAbs from HEV-exposed individuals.
Cross-reactivity analysis against various HEV genotypes and rat hepatitis E virus.
Structural analysis of HEV-CA protein complexed with neutralizing antibodies.

Main Results:

Most human anti-HEV CA antibodies exhibited broad cross-reactivity with different HEV genotypes and some recognized rat HEV.
A diverse HEV antibody repertoire was identified, including highly potent neutralizing antibodies.
Neutralizing antibodies were found to bind the protruding (P) domain of the HEV capsid protein.
Structural studies revealed a key neutralizing site on the P domain loops at the viral spike apex.

Conclusions:

The study elucidates the molecular and functional attributes of protective humoral responses against HEV.
Identified neutralizing epitopes provide a basis for the rational design of novel HEV vaccines and immunotherapies.
Characterized antibodies offer potential for developing effective immunotherapeutic strategies against HEV infections.