Mechanically Tunable DNA Hydrogels as Prospective Biosensing Modules

Sequence-programmable DNA building blocks offer high degree of freedom in designing arbitrarily complex networks of tunable viscoelastic properties. Yet, the deployment of DNA-based functional materials remains limited due to insufficient control over the emerging structures and their mechanics. In an ongoing effort to place structure-property relations in stimuli-responsive DNA materials on a firm foundation, here a systematic rheological study of self-assembling DNA networks is presented, comprised of short DNA nanomotifs, namely trivalent nanostars and bivalent linkers, where the latter differ in their composition on a single base-pair level. Notably, we found through combining conventional bulk rheology with diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS-based) passive microrheology a relationship between the melting temperature of a DNA hydrogel and its DNA sequence composition. By providing a use case, we demonstrated how the determination of such empirical relations could impact the areas of biosensing and mechanical computing, where control over the system state and target identification are key.