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Non-infectious uveitis: a multicenter study from Argentina.

Belén María Virasoro1, Alex Kostianovsky1,2, Florencia Milesi3

  • 1Consultorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes (CEA)., Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

International Ophthalmology
|May 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) and idiopathic uveitis are the leading causes of non-infectious uveitis (NIU) in Argentina. These findings differ from those in the US and Europe, highlighting regional variations in uveitis etiologies.

Keywords:
ArgentinaLatin AmericaNoninfectious uveitisRheumatic diseaseSystemic disease

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) is a significant cause of visual impairment.
  • Understanding regional etiologies is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the causes and clinical features of NIU in Argentinian patients.
  • To compare uveitis etiologies across different anatomical segments.
  • To identify differences in NIU between public and private healthcare institutions.

Main Methods:

  • A multicentric, cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2008 to March 2021.
  • 468 patients with NIU were included from public and private institutions.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed by uveitis specialists and rheumatologists, classified using the International Uveitis Study Group system.

Main Results:

  • The most frequent causes of NIU were idiopathic uveitis and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH).
  • Anterior uveitis causes included idiopathic, spondyloarthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and sarcoidosis.
  • Panuveitis was predominantly caused by VKH and Behçet disease.
  • 57% of patients required immunosuppressants, with methotrexate and azathioprine being most common.
  • 11% needed biologics, primarily adalimumab.
  • 54.7% experienced ocular complications, most commonly cataracts.

Conclusions:

  • Idiopathic uveitis and VKH are the predominant causes of NIU in Argentina.
  • These etiological patterns differ from those reported in the United States and Europe.
  • No significant differences in uveitis causes or complications were found between public and private institutions.